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The reliability
and validity of the Dyadic Parent-Child Coding System II (DPICS II) with
father-child dyads were assessed in the present study. The DPICS II is
the revised version of a behavioral observation coding system used in research
and clinical settings to describe the quality of parent-child dyadic interactions.
The DPICS II contains 25 categories to code parents’ and children’s verbal
and nonverbal behavior.
The study participants
were sixty father-child dyads representing a clinic-referred group (n=30)
and a non-problem comparison group (n=30). The children in the clinic-referred
group were participants in a large treatment outcome study (N=100)
for preschool children with behavior problems. All clinic-referred participants
had met diagnostic criteria for Oppositional Defiant Disorder. The data
on the clinic-referred families used in the present study were collected
as part of the families’ standard initial assessment in the larger outcome
study. The father-child pairs in the comparison group were recruited from
the Gainesville, FL, community through advertisements. To be included in
the study, the children in the comparison group could not meet diagnostic
criteria for Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
The two groups were
compared on several measures including the Parenting Stress Index (PSI),
the Parental Locus of Control Scale – Short Form (PLOC-SF), the Eyberg
Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI), and the DPICS II behavior observations.
Videotapes of the father-child dyads were coded by observers trained to
use the DPICS II. The primary coders were blind to the hypotheses of this
study. Thirty percent of the videotapes for each group, randomly selected,
were re-coded to evaluate reliability. Reliability was assessed using intraclass
correlations and Cohen’s kappa. Overall, the DPICS II categories were shown
to have acceptable reliability estimates. Significant differences between
groups were found on DPICS II variables, providing evidence for the discriminative
validity of the coding system. Furthermore, the DPICS II demonstrated convergent
validity by correlating significantly with scores on the ECBI, the PLOC-SF,
and the parent and child scales of the PSI. Recommendations for improving
DPICS II are discussed.
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